Trophic Theory of Money Archives – Center for the Advancement of the Steady State Economy

Measuring Ecological Limits: The United States and the World

April 16, 2026/5 Comments/in Climate Change, Consumption, Economic Growth, Environment, Food and Agriculture, Inequality, Limits to Growth, Population, Steady State Herald, Trophic Theory of Money /by Alix Underwood

by Peri Dworatzek

The science is clear: Our rate of economic activity is having disastrous impacts on the environment, starting with the climate so crucial to our survival. Economic activities require the use of natural resources and systematically entail pollution. Resources eventually get used up, as does the capacity of the planet to assimilate waste. We are reminded of Herman Daly’s long-running emphasis that the economy is a subsystem of the environment,

The Strait of Hormuz: Trump’s Waterloo?

March 19, 2026/6 Comments/in Brian Czech, Consumption, Economic Growth, Food and Agriculture, Fossil Fuels, GDP, Inflation, Peace, Steady State Economy, Steady State Herald, Trophic Theory of Money /by Alix Underwood

by Brian Czech

Given his long-running obsession with GDP growth, an obsession punctuated with mid-terms in mind, President Trump has made some peculiar moves. Just this week, his stripping of immigrant truckers’ licenses took effect, as part of a broader crackdown on immigrant labor, a key source of economic growth. His hyperactive imposing of tariffs has undermined comparative advantage, a condition relied upon for global GDP growth.

The Vicious Fertilizer Cycle and the Growth Economy

March 12, 2026/9 Comments/in Alix Underwood, Consumption, Economic Growth, Food and Agriculture, Fossil Fuels, GDP, Pollution, Population, Steady State Herald, Trophic Theory of Money, Water /by Alix Underwood

by Alix Underwood and Marwa Ebrahem

The size of our economy, measured by gross domestic product (GDP), is intimately linked to our use of artificial fertilizer. So is the ecological havoc we are wreaking on the planet and its inhabitants.

Between 2002 and 2018, while the population increased by 22 percent, the per-hectare use of synthetic nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers—the three most common types—increased by about 23,

The New Food Pyramid: Packing the Plate for GDP

January 15, 2026/20 Comments/in Brian Czech, Consumption, Corruption, Economic Growth, Food and Agriculture, GDP, Governance, Politics, Steady State Herald, Trophic Theory of Money /by Alix Underwood

by Brian Czech

Say what you will—pro or con—about the nutritional merits of the Trump Administration’s new food pyramid, but the thing is a masterclass in political artistry. It systematically serves vested interests, a political party, and an ever-competing president. And, I’ll argue, it’s subtly designed for a surge in GDP.

On its face, it certainly is an artistic endeavor, designed to grab you from several angles. The first thing to catch your eye is its surprising disposition.

Has the Hunger-GDP Relationship Crossed a Threshold?

September 25, 2025/8 Comments/in Alix Underwood, Climate Change, Degrowth, Economic Growth, Food and Agriculture, GDP, Inequality, Limits to Growth, Poverty, Steady State Herald, Trophic Theory of Money, Wellbeing /by Alix Underwood

by Alix Underwood

The world looked poised to end hunger in the mid-2010s, after decades of decline in the percentage of the population that is undernourished. People often attribute progress in the late 20th century to the technological advances of the “Green Revolution.” However, the revolution’s costs and benefits, and their distribution, are hotly contested. Many experts instead point simply to economic growth as the primary factor responsible for poverty reduction and,

Dear Ecologist, Don’t Forget About the Economy

August 14, 2025/17 Comments/in Alix Underwood, Economic Growth, Environment, Steady State Economy, Steady State Herald, Trophic Theory of Money /by Alix Underwood

Opinion by Alix Underwood

The Ecological Society of America’s (ESA) Annual Meeting concludes today in Baltimore, Maryland. Of the dizzying multitude of topics on the agenda, the most prevalent were wildlife conservation, forest ecology, and climate change. Meeting sessions focused on niche aspects of these topics: threatened wader species on Sonadia Island, the effects of endemic mistletoes on forest-floor invertebrates, and the impacts of warming on interactions between plants and symbionts,

Inflation through the Lens of the Trophic Theory of Money

November 21, 2024/3 Comments/in Economic Growth, Economic Policy, GDP, Inflation, Monetary Policy, Money and Investments, Steady State Economy, Steady State Herald, Trophic Theory of Money /by Alix Underwood

by Danish Hasan Ansari

In its simplest sense, inflation is an increase in the prices of goods and services. For instance, if the price of a certain good is $10 and in the next month the price increases to $12, the inflation on that item over one month is 20%. Many economists consider low levels of inflation sustained over time to be normal in a functioning economy. However,

A Primer on Economic Growth and Biodiversity for COP16

October 17, 2024/12 Comments/in Biodiversity, Brian Czech, Conservation, Economic Growth, Economic Policy, Governance, Steady State Economy, Steady State Herald, Sustainability, Trophic Theory of Money /by Alix Underwood

by Brian Czech

With the core meetings of the United Nations Biodiversity Conference (COP16) starting next week, it’s time for a primer on the relationship between economic growth and biodiversity conservation. The last thing we want is a COP16 devoid of discussion about the conflict between growing the economy and conserving biodiversity. In fact, the “800-pound gorilla”—GDP growth—ought to be front and center.

Devoted Herald readers may feel a tinge of déjà vu,

San Jose: An Information Economy Giant with Whopping Footprints

September 19, 2024/9 Comments/in Alix Underwood, GDP, Inequality, Limits to Growth, Materials use, Steady State Economy, Steady State Herald, Technology, Trophic Theory of Money, Wealth /by Alix Underwood

by Alix Underwood

What is your reaction when you hear the tagline “city with the highest GDP per capita in the United States”? Perhaps you would like to live in that city. Perhaps you think it sets a positive example for other cities. If so, you are not alone. Corporate and political leaders have been prioritizing economic growth for decades, and this mindset has trickled down until it has saturated the public.

The problem is that there is a fundamental conflict between economic growth and environmental protection.

Service Providers in the Trophic Theory of Money

August 22, 2024/5 Comments/in Biodiversity, Brian Czech, Consumption, Fossil Fuels, Steady State Herald, Trophic Theory of Money /by Alix Underwood

by Brian Czech

Steady State Herald readers are familiar with the theory that money originates from an agricultural surplus that frees hands for the division of labor—and thenceforth the exchanging of money. This trophic theory of money (TTOM) helps us understand not only the historical origins of money, such as in Mesopotamia (the “Cradle of Cash”), but also the annual origins of “warranted money” in the grain belts of the world.